Every year, on February 1st, a singular event takes place on the Îlot des Faisans, a tiny territory located between Hendaye and Irun. This confetti of land, measuring barely 130 meters long, experiences an astonishing alternation of sovereignty: it falls under Spanish administration until July 31 before returning under French flag until January 31 of the following year. This historical peculiarity, stemming from the Treaty of the Pyrenees of 1659, makes this island a fascinating meeting point between two nations, each transfer marking a solemn moment imbued with tradition and symbolism.
Every year, a rather unusual event occurs in the heart of the Basque Country. February 1st marks the day when the Îlot des Faisans, caught between Hendaye and Irun, changes nationality, reverting to Spanish administration for a period of six months. This unique phenomenon results from a treaty signed in the 17th century, leading to a fascinating alternation between France and Spain.
A uniquely singular island #
Measuring barely 130 meters long and 15 meters wide, the Îlot des Faisans is a small piece of land that attracts attention not only for its natural charm but also for its status as a condominium. Every six months, this Basque island changes hands, thus performing an incredible ballet between the two nations. From February 1st to July 31st, the island is governed by Spain, while from August 1st to January 31st, it becomes French again.
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An inheritance from the Treaty of the Pyrenees #
This geopolitical curiosity is the result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, signed in 1659 after tumultuous negotiations. During this agreement, the current border between France and Spain was established, but it is mainly the joint management of the island that remains in memory. Originally established to put an end to centuries-old conflicts between the Habsburgs and the Bourbons, this treaty left a decidedly original legacy, of which the Îlot des Faisans is today the symbol.
Traditions that endure #
The official transfer of power has long been commemorated by written exchanges, but since 2012, solemn ceremonies have been organized on the island itself. With each change of nationality, military and authorities from both countries gather to pay tribute to this unique tradition. These moments are marked by rites that strengthen diplomatic ties, demonstrating cooperation between nations despite historical rivalries.
The Viceroy: an honorary title #
During the ceremony, the holder of the title of viceroy is also a point of interest. Although he has no true authority, he symbolically embodies the alternation of sovereignty. Every February 1st, a Spanish representative is appointed viceroy, while in August, this role passes to a French delegate. This title, although purely honorary, carries a sense of historical importance that attracts many history and culture enthusiasts.
Limited access to this mysterious island #
Despite its undeniable interest, the Îlot des Faisans remains inaccessible to the public. Only a few people, such as municipal employees from Hendaye and Irun, have the right to enter to ensure its maintenance. This restriction accentuates the mystery surrounding this space, which, although very close, is not within reach of the curious. The official visits that take place during the transfers of sovereignty provide a fleeting glimpse of this land that lives at the rhythm of nations.
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A symbol of peace and cooperation #
Today, the Îlot des Faisans is more than just a patch of land; it embodies the spirit of cooperation between France and Spain. In spite of past conflicts, this shared management represents a rare example of peace in a world often plagued by tensions. This exceptional model underscores the importance of dialogue and harmony between nations, and for history and travel enthusiasts, the Îlot des Faisans remains an essential destination, even if its access is greatly limited.
