ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘-TGV: ื’ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืžืกืคืจื™ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘-SNCF

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ื‘ืงืฆืจื”

  • ื”SNCF ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื: ืžืกืคื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ TGV (Ouigo, InOui, Lyria).
  • ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœ 3 ืกืคืจื•ืช: ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื”ืกืคืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” = ืจื›ื‘; ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ (ืœืžืฉืœ 433 โ†’ ืจื›ื‘ 4 ืื• 14).
  • ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง: ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ืคืจื™ืกื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช: ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ.
  • ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ: ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžื”ื›ื ื™ืกื”; ืจืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” 1โ€“39, ืงื•ืžื” 40 ื•ืžืขืœื” (ืžื•ืฆื’ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก).

ืžื™ ืœื ืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืชืงืจืช TGV ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•โ€ฆ ื”ืคื•ืš? ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช: SNCF ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื ืขื ืžืกืคื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœOuigo, InOui ื•Lyria. ืžืขืชื”, ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื—ืœืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืž-1 ืขื“ 39 ื•ื”ืงื•ืžื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืž-40. ืคืจื™ืกื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืงโ€ฆ ื•ืกื•ืฃ (ื›ืžืขื˜) ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ ืจื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ.

ื”SNCF ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœ TGV: ืžืกืคื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืืจืง. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจืช: ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช. ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืœื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ ืœืžืงื•ื (ืžื™ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?), ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขื ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœืš.

ืื—ืจื™ ื”Ouigo ืฉื”ืกืœื•ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-2013, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”InOui ื•ื”Lyria ืœืืžืฅ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืช. ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืœืืžืฆืข ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ, ืขื ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื: ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืงืจื™ื ื•ืขืงื‘ื™, ืžื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš. ื ื’ืžืจ (ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜) ื”"ื•ืื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™?" ื”ืžื•ื–ืžืจ ืžืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช.

ืœืžื” ื”-SNCF ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื—ืœืง ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ, ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืฆืจ, ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช (ืื•ืชื TGV ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื™ื). ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื”ืกืกื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”, ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช, ื•ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื’ื ืืชื.

ืื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืช

ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™

ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ABC. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ: ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœืš, ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืขืžืœื•ืช ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ืฉืขื ืช ืขืœ ืชืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช: ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืื• ื›ืคื•ืœื”.

ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”

ืงืœ: ื”ืกืคืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (A) ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื (BC) ืœืžื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ื“ื•ื’ืžื: 245 = ืจื›ื‘ 2, ืžื•ืฉื‘ 45. ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื”, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.

ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช

ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ TGV ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉื ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ "ื’ืจืกื” 4" ื•"ื’ืจืกื” 14", "5" ื•"15", ื•ื›ื•'. ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืกืคืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืžืกืžื ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”: ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ 433 ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ 4 ืื• 14 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื. ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื•: ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ื™ื ื—ื• ืืชื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช.

ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ: ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื›ื‘

ืกื“ืจ ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ

ืžื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืจื›ื‘, ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื ื›ื ืกื™ื, ืงื•ืจืื™ื, ืžื•ืฆืื™ื: ื ื’ืžืจ ื”"ื–ื™ื’ื–ืื’" ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื•ืฆืจ.

ืฉืชื™ ืจืžื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื

ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืขื ืฉืชื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ืช: ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืž1 ืœ-39; ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืž40 ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื›ืœืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืžื”ืจ ืœื”ืจื’ืœ: 0 ืขื“ 39? ื–ื” ืœืžื˜ื”. 40+? ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื”.

ืžื” ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืžืขืชื”

ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœื›ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืชืื™ื, ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื™ืœื”, ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืง, ื›ื ืกื• ืœืคื™ืงื•ื’ืจืžื™ื "ืงื“ื™ืžื”/ืžืจื›ื–/ืื—ื•ืจื™" ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื 127

ืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”? ืจื›ื‘ 1, ืžื•ืฉื‘ 27. ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื”? ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื•ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” "ืจื›ื‘ 1/11". ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ, ื”-27 ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘.

ืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื 433

ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข! ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ 4 ืื• 14, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช. ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื™ืœื” ื™ื ื—ื• ืืชื›ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื›ื‘ 4, ืžื•ืฉื‘ 33.

Ouigo, InOui, Lyria: ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื”

ื”Ouigo ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-2013 ืขื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื–ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช. ื”InOui ื•ื”Lyria ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืœืื•ืชื” ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื”, ู…ู…ุง ืžื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื. ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื–ื• ืœื•ื’ื• ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืข, ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ะพัั‚ะฐัŽั‚ัั ืชืงืคื•ืช.

ืœืžื” ื”ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืžืื™ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš, ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืคืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”, ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ื”ืคื•ืš, ื•ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื“ืงื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”: ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื ื”, ืคื—ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื’ื•ืขื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”? ืคื—ื•ืช "ืกืœื™ื—ื”, ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™" ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•.

ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื ื•ืฆื—ื™ื

ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืžืกื™ืœื”

ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ืื ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืขืžื•ื (ืœืžืฉืœ 433), ืคื ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”. ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ื™ืขื” ืงืจื”.

ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘

ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื”ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉื™ืจ: ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช, ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ืžืคืจื˜ืช ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื (1โ€“8 / 11โ€“18, ืœืžืฉืœ). ืคื•ืงื•ืก ืขืœ ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืš ืœื›ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘.

ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืกืคืจื™ื•ืช

ืžืกืคืจ 13 ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืกืก? ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช. ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืื ืงื“ื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœื ืžื–ื™ืง: ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœ 13 ื‘ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ื—. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”-TGV, ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืงื•ืจ ืจื•ื— ื•ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื“.

ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชื‘ืš

ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืื–ื•ืจ ืจื•ืขืฉ? ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืงืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื“ SNCF, ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ: ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘-SNCF.

ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื”

ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช: ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ืืชื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืžื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”, ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื”ืฉืจืื”, ื’ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื—ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื”. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”: ืœื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ.

ืžื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช

ืขื ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื™ืื™ื, ัั‚ะฐะฝะพะฒะธั‚ัั ะฟั€ะพั‰ะต ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื• ืžืขื‘ืจ. ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืžื“ื“ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”

ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช

ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš, ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื—ืคืฉื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.

ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื“ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช

ื›ืœ ื“ืœืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืจืชืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ืจื ืขืžื•ืก, ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื“ืงื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื ืข ื›ืœ ืชืกื‘ื™ื›ื™ ืขื ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช

ืžืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ?

ื”ืคืจื™ืกื” ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืœืืžืฆืข ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ. ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื• ืฉืœื›ื, ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ: ืกืžื›ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื.

ืžื” ืื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ "ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื" ื‘ืจื›ื‘?

ื‘ื“ืงื• ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ืจืžื” (ื ืžื•ืš 1โ€“39, ื’ื‘ื•ื” 40+) ื•ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืืœ โ†’ ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”: 433 ืœื ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ื ืžืฆืโ€ฆ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช.

ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช?

ื›ืŸ: ืจืฆืคื™ื ืžืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžืžื•ื™ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจืžื•ืช ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื™ื“ ื–ื”. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืื•ืชื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื”.

ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“: ื”ืจืคืœืงืกื™ื ืœืืžืฅ

1) ืžืฆืื• ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”. 2) ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืงืจืื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช A|BC. 3) ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”. 4) ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ, ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืžืืœ โ†’ ื™ืžื™ืŸ. 5) ื‘ื“ื•ืคืœืงืก, 1โ€“39 ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ, 40+ ืœืžืขืœื”. ืขื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื”, ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื›ื ื›ืžื• TGV ืขืœ ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ.

Aventurier Globetrotteur
Aventurier Globetrotteur
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