ื”ื™ืจื–', ื”ืกืžืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ยซื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืชยป

ื‘ืงืฆืจื”

  • ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช, ืœืฆื“ ืงื•ืœืžืืจ-ืœื”-ืืœืค.
  • ื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืจื“ื ื™ื (โ‰ˆ 160 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื) ื•ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•.
  • ืชืคืื•ืจื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช: ืคืืจืง ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ื ื”ืจื•ืช, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื.
  • ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื: ืžื‘ืฆืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช), ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืกื ื˜-ื–'ืืŸ-ื‘ืืคื˜ื™ืกื˜ (ื”ืžืื” ื”-16), ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืื‘ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ืช ื•ื’ื’ื•ืช ืžืืจื“ื•ืื™ื–.
  • ืคืจืก ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื ื‘2004 ื•ื‘2010.
  • ื”ืชื• (ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘1982) ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-2000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 2 ืืชืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื.
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™: ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช (ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”), ืจืง 20% ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื.
  • ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช: ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื›ืœ 6 ืขื“ 9 ืฉื ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืกื’ืช ืžื”ืžืขืžื“.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ยซ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ยป. ืžืžื•ืงื ื‘ืืจื“ื ื™ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”, ื›ืคืจ ื–ื” ืฉืœ 160 ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชืคืื•ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื ืื•ืคื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืกื ื˜-ื–'ืืŸ-ื‘ืืคื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-16 ื•ื‘ืชื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื‘ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ืช ืขื ื’ื’ื•ืช ืžืืจื“ื•ืื™ื–, ื”ืงืกื ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื“. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.

ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ื ื›ื ืก ื–ื” ืขืชื” ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืกื’ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ยซ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ยป. ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืืจื“ื ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืชื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื, ื”ื›ืคืจ ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืชืคืื•ืจื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ืฉืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืฉื‘ืจื™ืง ืžืžืฆื•ืง, ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืกื ื˜-ื–'ืืŸ-ื‘ืืคื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-16, ื‘ืชื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื‘ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ืช ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืืจื“ื•ืื™ื– ื•ื ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ืžื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืืช ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืชื• ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘-1982. ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื” ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ืœื™ืงืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš โ€“ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื“ื ื™ื.

ื™ืฉื ื ืคืจืกื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžืขื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืฉืžืชืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืจื’, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืœื’ื™ื”, ื”ืชื•ืืจ ยซ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ยป ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ืจื™ื— ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘2004 ื•ื‘2010 ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•, ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ 160 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืžืงื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื›ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืืจื“ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืื’ื•ื“ื”. ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”: ืงื•ืœืžืืจ-ืœื”-ืืœืค ื›ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืคื ื™ื ื™ื.

ืชืคืื•ืจื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ืง ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื

ื‘ื”ื™ื™ืจื’, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื”ื›ืคืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืžืง ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ื”ืกืžื˜ืื•ืช ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืื‘ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ืช, ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื’ื•ืช ืžืืจื“ื•ืื™ื–, ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืฆื™ืงืœื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืื”. ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืกื ื˜-ื–'ืืŸ-ื‘ืืคื˜ื™ืกื˜, ืฉื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-16, ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืจื˜ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื, ืฉื˜ื— ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืžื’ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ื ื”ืจื•ืช, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ึนื–ึธืึดื™ืงึธื” ืฉืœ ืชืคืื•ืจื•ืชืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจืคืชืงื ื™ื.

ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื”ืžืชื™ื ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘

ื”ืชื• ืœืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืืจื— ื‘ื”ื™ื™ืจื’, ื•ื–ื” ืœืœื ืกืคืง ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื˜ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื“ื—ื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื•ื•ื™ืชืจื”. ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืคืจื” ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื”, ื—ื™ื–ืงื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื” ื•ืžื™ืงื“ื” ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื•ื, ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ โ€“ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-2000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ื™ืฉ ื›-160 โ€“ ื•ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื ื”ืืฃ ืœืžืขืœื”, ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื”, ื”ื’ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ืืœ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืจ.

ืื™ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ยซ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ยป?

ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘1982, ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ ืžืงื•ืœื•ื ื–'-ืœื”-ืจื•ื’' (ืงื•ืจื–') ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืื—ื“ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืืŸ ืžืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื• ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™. ืžืื–, ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืคืจื™ ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช, ื™ื—ืก ื•ื—ื–ืจื” . ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื•ืขืžื“, ืจืฉื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-2000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืืชืจื™ื ืื• ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื ื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื. ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื”: ื‘ืขืจืš 20% ืžื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•. ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœื ื ื’ืžืจืช ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช: ื”ืชื• ื ื‘ื“ืง ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ืฉืฉ ืขื“ ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ.

ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื

ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืช, ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช. ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืจ ืขื•ื˜ืคืช ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ื•ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฃ, ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ืกื ื˜-ื–'ืืŸ-ื‘ืืคื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื’ื™ื‘ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื ื•ืฃ, ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืฉืš ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื. ืžืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื–ื™ื, ื ืืžืŸ ืœืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื”ืงื‘ืœื”.

ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืฉืจืื•ืช ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจื“ื ื™ื

ื”ื™ื™ืจื’ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœื—ืงื™ืจืช ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื: ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื—ื™ ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืื’ืžื™ื ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืขื ืงืกื ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื”ืฉืจืื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื: ื”ื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื“ื ื™ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืืŸ ืชืžืฆืื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืคืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกืžื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืจื’.

ืชื• ื—ื™, ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืžืžืขื˜ื•ืช

ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ยซ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ยป ืื™ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”: ื”ื™ื ืžืชืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืงื•ืœืžืืจ-ืœื”-ืืœืค ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืจืฉื™ืžื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืจื’, ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื• ื—ื™ื™ ื•ืžื ื™ืขื” ื›ืœ ื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ, ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื”, ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืžื‘ืกืกืช ืืช ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•.

ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™

ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืจืฉืžื™: hierges.fr. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœื›ื, ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื.

Aventurier Globetrotteur
Aventurier Globetrotteur
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